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83.
An investigation was conducted to develop a comprehensive moisture model for predicting non-isothermal moisture conditions in soils. An extensive literature review indicated that a model based on the Philip and de Vries equations for non-isothermal moisture movement and heat conduction would give the best results. By using numerical methods, the implicit finite difference approximations to the moisture movement and heat-transfer equations were programmed for computer solution of water content and temperature in the soil with time. Validation studies indicate that the moisture model can be used to predict accurately moisture conditions in the soil. The model was validated by using hydraulic data from laboratory studies conducted on soil columns compacted with AASHO A-3 and AASHO A-4 soil. The application of the moisture model to the study of non-isothermal moisture movement in the field is demonstrated. The influence of parameters such as water table depth, precipitation, and soil hydraulic properties on soil moisture content are shown by use of the moisture model. The model is shown to be applicable to a wide range of boundary conditions and that it predicts the moisture-temperature regime with time in soils utilizing climatic input data.  相似文献   
84.
Mt. Wilson observations of solar velocity fields have been examined for evidence that the rotation axis of the nonmagnetic gas at the solar surface is oriented differently than the axis found by Carrington (1863) from sunspot observations. No difference is found with an accuracy of 0°.15 in the angle of inclination of the axis to the ecliptic.  相似文献   
85.
Jack D. Drummond 《Icarus》1982,49(1):143-153
A compilation of theoretical meteor radiants is presented for all numbered (through 2525) asteroids which approach the Earth's orbit to within 0.20 AU. On the basis of orbital similarity, asteroids associated with current meteor streams and Prairie Network fireballs are listed; plausible associations with medieval fireball radiants are also given. The best defunct comet candidates in terms of meteoric evidence appear to be 2101 Adonis and 2201 1947XC. Asteroids which may be either extinct comets or perturbed main belt asteroids accompanied by collisional debris (represented by fireballs) are 1917 Cuyo, 2202 Pele, 2061 Anza, and 2340 Hathor. 1566 Icarus and 1981 Midas are the only asteroids whose orbits approach to less than 0.07 AU of the Earth's orbit, have a northern radiant, and still show no certain meteoric activity. The majority of Atens, Apollos, and Amors do not pass sufficiently close (<0.07 AU) to the Earth's orbit for a reasonable expectation of meteoric activity, or have radiants south of ?20° declination, requiring southern hemisphere observations.  相似文献   
86.
Fabry-Perot interferometer measurements of the Doppler shifts and widths of the nightglow 630.0 nm line at Laurel Ridge Observatory, Pennsylvania are presented for the period 1975 to 1979, covering both solar minimum and solar maximum conditions. The F-region neutral wind vectors vn and temperatures Tn deduced from these measurements show both day-to-day changes and overall seasonal patterns in the nocturnal variations during geomagnetically quiet conditions. Divergence in both the meridional and zonal horizontal flow is noted on occasion. The vn results are compared with models including only solar EUV heating and those with EUV plus a high latitude heat source. The aggregate vn data for solar cycle minimum conditions agree best with model predictions for winter zonal and equinoctal meridional winds and worst for winter meridional and summer zonal winds. At solar cycle maximum the predicted, rapid transition at equinox from summer to winter wind patterns and vice-versa is observed. The Tn data are in reasonable agreement with the MSIS model predictions.  相似文献   
87.
Geographers have become increasingly interested in who receives grants for basic research and why. Northeastern U.S. universities, and especially private universities in the Northeast, dominated those of all other regions in the number of proposals submitted to the Geography and Regional Science Program of the National Science Foundation as well as the number of funded projects and total awarded funds during the period 1979–1981. Successful grant applicants submitted proposals that demonstrated excellent potential to make a significant contribution towards improving the theoretical and methodological foundations of geography.  相似文献   
88.
We report speckle interferometric observations of Pluto and its moon (1978 P1) Charon obtained on 5 June 1980 with a single 1.8-m mirror of the Multiple Mirror Telescope. Our observations yield a separation of 0″.31 (±0″.05) between Pluto and Charon at position angle 285° (±7°) for JD 2444395.75. This result and other direct observations indicate an adjustment of +4.0 hr to the orbital epoch of R. S. Harrington and J. W. Christy [Astron.J.86, 442–443 (1981)]. Our observation, which represents the first resolution of the system near minimum separation, also suggests that the inclination of the orbit to the plane of the sky should be increased by 3°; this will delay the onset of the predicted eclipsee season by one apparition to 1984 or 1985. Our data are consistent with Pluto diameter 0″.14 (±0″.02) = 3000 (±400) km and Charon diameter 0″..05 (±0″.03) = 1100 (±600) km.  相似文献   
89.
The Ca ii K line emission from the quiet Sun network does not vary with the 11-year cycle (White and Livinston, 1981). We confirm this result from direct magnetic measurements. This effect is not simply explained by present empirical models of the evolution of surface magnetic fields.Now at Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, U.S.A.  相似文献   
90.
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